Tsukimi and More: Japanese Moon Legends You Need to Know!

When autumn arrives in Japan, one of the most celebrated traditions is tsukimi (月見), or moon viewing. The practice of gathering to appreciate the beauty of the full moon is steeped in history and mythology, making it a fascinating event beyond simply gazing at the night sky.

What is tsukimi?

Tsukimi, which translates to “moon viewing,” is a tradition that dates back to the Heian period (794-1185). During this time, the aristocrats of Japan would gather to admire the full moon, compose poetry, and enjoy seasonal foods. As a result, the tradition endured through the centuries, becoming a beloved autumn event. Usually, people honor the moon’s beauty and significance in Japanese culture.

The event typically occurs during the mid-autumn moon, when the moon is said to be at its most beautiful. Specially lit moon viewing parties often feature traditional music and displays of pampas grass (susuki), a symbol of the autumn season. People also prepare and eat moon-themed dango, sweet rice dumplings shaped like the full moon. These dumplings are believed to bring good health and happiness.

Moon legends and tsukimi

The tradition of tsukimi is closely linked with several moon-related legends that have been passed down through generations. These stories also add depth and meaning to the moon-viewing festivities, making them more than just a visual experience.

The Moon Rabbit

One of the most famous legends associated with tsukimi is the story of the Moon Rabbit. According to Japanese folklore, a rabbit can be seen on the moon, busily pounding mochi (rice cakes) with a pestle. This tale originates from the belief that the dark spots on the moon resemble a rabbit in the act of making mochi.

The story is said to have originated from a Buddhist tale where a rabbit sacrificed itself to feed a hungry god. Because he was moved by the rabbit’s selflessness, the god placed it on the moon as a symbol of compassion and purity. During this time, people often make offerings of dango to the moon rabbit, hoping for good fortune in return.

Tsukuyomi: The Moon God

Another significant figure in Japanese moon mythology is Tsukuyomi, the moon god. In Shinto belief, Tsukuyomi was born from the right eye of Izanagi, one of the creator gods of Japan. Tsukuyomi is often depicted as a serene and noble deity, embodying the quiet beauty of the moon.

Tsukuyomi’s story is not as widely celebrated as other deities, but his influence is felt during the tsukimi season. The reverence for the moon and its god is reflected in the careful preparation and rituals accompanying moon-viewing events. The moon’s serene presence is thought to bring a sense of calm and reflection, which is central to the spirit of the moon viewings.

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Princess Kaguya

No discussion of Japanese moon legends is complete without mentioning Princess Kaguya, the heroine of one of Japan’s oldest and most beloved folktales, “The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter.” This story tells of a mysterious princess found inside a glowing bamboo stalk by an old bamboo cutter. As she grows, Princess Kaguya’s beauty captivates everyone, but she eventually reveals her true origin as a being from the moon and returns to her celestial home.

Princess Kaguya’s tale is poignant, often interpreted as a story of the fleeting nature of beauty and happiness. During tsukimi, the legend of Princess Kaguya reminds us of the moon’s otherworldly charm and the bittersweet passage of time. Her story resonates especially during the mid-autumn festival. This is also when the moon is said to be at its brightest and most enchanting.

Why are these legends important for tsukimi?

These legends enrich tsukimi because they add cultural and spiritual layers to the tradition. The Moon Rabbit symbolizes selflessness and compassion, Tsukuyomi represents tranquility and reflection, and Princess Kaguya adds a melancholy beauty.

Additionally, traditional foods like dango, udon, and soba symbolize the full moon and enhance the experience. Modern tsukimi often includes gatherings at temples, parks, or homes, where people come together to enjoy the moon, share food, and reflect on these timeless stories.

As you celebrate tsukimi, remember the legends of the Moon Rabbit, Tsukuyomi, and Princess Kaguya. These tales add depth to the tradition and remind us of the values at the heart of this beautiful celebration! Have you ever participated in tsukimi? Do you have a favorite moon legend or other famous Japanese legends you love? Please comment on your experiences and thoughts in the comments below!